How to Calculate the Sum of Cells in Excel |
- How to Calculate the Sum of Cells in Excel
- What is a “Raid” in Multiplayer Online Video Games?
- How to Create an iMessage Profile on iPhone and iPad
- How to View Notification Center on iPhone and iPad
| How to Calculate the Sum of Cells in Excel Posted: 16 Nov 2020 09:02 AM PST
Microsoft Excel may be known for complex calculations and formulas, but it's no slouch at simple arithmetic. There are a number of ways to find solutions to simple math problems, like finding the sum of numbers in multiple cells. Finding the Sum of Numbers in Adjacent Columns or CellsThe quickest way to calculate the sum of squares in Excel is to simply highlight the list of numbers, and check the bottom right of the screen. Here, you'll find the sum of any selected cell as well as their average and the number of cells you're adding.
But, we'll assume you want to add the sum to the workbook itself. In that case, highlight the numbers you want to add.
From the "Formulas" tab, click "Autosum" to find the sum of the list of numbers. Once you click, Excel will automatically add the sum to the bottom of this list.
Alternatively, you can type the formula
Finding the Sum of Numbers in Non-Adjacent Columns or CellsClick any empty cell in the workbook. This should be the cell where you want to display the sum of these non-adjacent columns.
From the "Formulas" tab, click the arrow icon at the right of "Autosum."
Choose "Sum."
Click the first number in the series.
Hold the "Shift" button and then click the last number in that column to select all of the numbers in between.
To add the second column of numbers, hold Ctrl and scroll down from the first to the last number in the column. Alternatively, you can add the formula
Press the "Enter" button on the keyboard, or the checkmark in the formula bar to execute the formula.
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| What is a “Raid” in Multiplayer Online Video Games? Posted: 15 Nov 2020 11:48 AM PST  Raiding is a core feature in massively multiplayer online RPGs. They are a fun way to interact with friends (or random players) to complete objectives and obtain rare loot drops. At higher levels, raids can be among the most challenging activities in MMOs. What Is a Raid in an MMORPG?In massively multiplayer online role-playing video games (MMORPGs), "raiding" is designed to only be completed by a large group of players working cooperatively. Dungeons and raids offer battle experience to level up your character and numerous other in-game rewards, from higher-level equipment to exclusive visual skins and in-game achievements. In short: Raids form an important part of the "end game" of massively multiplayer online games, giving high-level players challenging content designed for cooperative play in groups. Dungeons and raids usually occur within "instances": special, isolated zones within the game for only you and your group. Unlike the "open world" (where all players can interact), instances are able to support enemies with strictly scripted sequences and effects, with each stage of the instance often building on the previous one and increasing in difficulty. Once an instance is "cleared," all relevant enemies have been defeated, the rewards can be obtained. Instances are also something that players are always free to avoid; no player is forced to participate in raid progression! Raids are instances with exceptionally difficult bosses. All raids have different mechanics (scripted behaviors that occur in response to player action, such as damaging the boss to a certain health percentage), that are designed to be more difficult as players progress through the content. Raids are intended to be the most difficult challenges to overcome in MMOs, and teams could take days or even months to conquer the mechanics and complete the raid. There's never a guarantee players will succeed, and some raids throughout history have only been cleared by a handful of players in the world. Raids Get Progressively More DifficultGames with raids often divide their systems into three general categories, which we call tiers here:
Players who are new to raiding will usually begin at tier one. Those who choose to practice, improve, and progress through the lower tiers can find themselves tackling ever-harder challenges at higher tiers and reaping the ultimate rewards. To demonstrate the concept, we'll explain how raid work in three MMORPGs: World of Warcraft, Final Fantasy XIV, and Guild Wars 2 What Is a Raid in World of Warcraft?World of Warcraft was first released in 2004 and is the oldest MMO of the three, and raids have been part of World of Warcraft since its launch. All dungeons and raids in World of Warcraft will have numerous normal enemies (known as "mobs") and bosses to defeat. Raids are optional end-game content for high-level players, while dungeons are meant for all players of any skill level. To progress from one raid to another, you must first unlock the required gear. To receive better gear, you must first complete quests and normal dungeons to obtain gear that will let you into heroic dungeons, the LFR (Looking For Raid) system, and so on. Normal Dungeons and RaidsRaids in World of Warcraft always require at least 10 players, and they are split into four difficulties: LFR (Looking For Raid), normal, heroic, and mythic. LFR and normal dungeons fall into the tier one category. LFR is for players who want to experience the story of raid content without effort; it is meant for casual players and the odds of failure are relatively low. Normal dungeons are the starting point for those who want to begin raiding, and they are also easy to complete. Dungeons always require five players, and there are four difficulties: normal, heroic, mythic, and mythic plus (often referred to as "Mythic+"). Normal dungeons in World of Warcraft fall into the tier one category because they are easier to complete. Heroic and Mythic+Higher difficulty means more health and damage generally, and so choosing a higher difficulty setting falls into the tier two category. To compete in mythic raids, you must first complete heroic raids and obtain better gear. Mythic+ can fall into tier two or tier three depending upon the difficulty on the dungeon that is chosen. Mythic+ is a five-player timed instance that adds increased difficulty from heroic mode. The mythic+ system is exclusive to dungeons, and enemies in mythic+ dungeons deal more damage and have higher health pools with each level conquered. At certain levels, the dungeon gains an "affix" that changes the way enemies will act, adding additional complexity to the content. Mythic+ can only be unlocked by first receiving a keystone item from the previous level of difficulty (mythic). Mythic+ doesn't have an increase in difficulty mechanically, but because it is more punishing and demanding than mythic content, mythic+ falls into the tier two category outlined at the beginning of this article. Mythic+ endlessly scales higher, so the higher tier challenges could fall into the tier three category. Mythic RaidsMythic raiding, the hardest difficulty in World of Warcraft, is the only raid with a fixed party size of 20 players. Mythic difficulty for raids is designed to be the most challenging instance content available, and it offers the highest level gear and exclusive rewards. Skill increase and gear requirements are necessary if players choose to jump from heroic content into mythic. Progression races among the top teams are put on display when new mythic raids are released, and World of Warcraft is exceptionally competitive in a way that other MMOs are not, with leaderboards and rankings prominently displayed within the games different servers across the world. What Is a Raid in Final Fantasy XIV?Final Fantasy XIV was released in 2010, and the first raid content became available in its first expansion, Realm Reborn. To progress from one raid to another, you had to first complete tier one, and so on to progress to the next raid tier. This is known as linear progression. After players complete tier one of raid content, they could then progress to tier two, and eventually complete that raid sequence. After the normal raids have been cleared, the savage mode of raids can be unlocked. Normal Dungeons, Trials, and Alliance RaidsNormal dungeons, trials, and the alliance raids represent the easiest content that Final Fantasy XIV has to offer. In Final Fantasy XIV, players follow a main story quest that will take them through a number of instances, including dungeons, trials, and alliance raids. Dungeons consist of four players and are fairly easy to complete. Players must clear foes and make their way through the dungeon to a boss. There are typically three to four bosses in a dungeon, and the time to complete a dungeon usually takes around 20-25 minutes. Dungeons will sometimes have hard modes that can be unlocked after completing the normal mode dungeon.
Trials are designed for eight players facing a singular boss (with a normal mode and sometimes an extreme mode). A normal mode trial may take as little as 5 minutes, and an extreme trial could take up to 20 minutes. Trials do not offer the best gear, instead, they offer novelty items, such as mounts and fashion for your character to wear. Alliance raids are fought by 24 players, made up of three separate 8-player groups, against a sequence of bosses and mobs (lesser enemy spawns), similar to a dungeon, however, alliance raids take a huge chunk of time to complete—35 minutes on average. These encounters fill the gap in difficulty between the normal 8-player raids and savage content, as they have more mechanical density and require a higher degree of accuracy in execution, but are lighter and friendlier than savage mode content. Hard Mode Dungeons and Normal RaidsHard mode dungeons are an increased difficulty dungeon, which is why hard mode dungeons fall into the tier two category. The enemies found in their normal mode counterparts will reappear in hard mode dungeons, but the mechanics may be more complicated. Normal raids require a progression system to unlock the next-level content; in order to progress, players must first complete the first raid, and then the second to progress to the third, and so on to progress to the next boss—this is mentioned above as linear progression.
As players progress through the bosses, they will acquire rewards that increase the power of their characters (how much damage they deal, how much health they can restore, etc.), which in turn allows them to face stronger and more challenging bosses. This form of gear-based progression is an important feature of most raiding MMOs, and Final Fantasy XIV is no exception. Tier two content and beyond is entirely optional. Savage and Ultimate RaidsSavage and Ultimate raids in Final Fantasy XIV represent the optional core endgame content that offers the greatest challenges and strongest rewards. Unlike dungeons or trials, savage raids limit a player to receive rewards only once per week for a period of time following their initial release (usually within the first five months).
Savage and ultimate raid content are meant for those seeking a challenge. It takes weeks, maybe even months, to learn the patterns in these fights.
There are a lot of strategies and patterns to learn in these fights, and what makes savage content stand out from the rest is the individual responsibility of each member to learn their respective role and mechanics in the fight, but a great savage raider also knows the mechanics of others, so that they can adjust to whatever random outlier during the fight. What Is a Raid in Guild Wars 2?Guild Wars 2 was released in 2012 with an ambitious "living story" concept, wherein the game world was intended to change over time as the story evolved. This concept formed the core of the game's ongoing player engagement, or "endgame," for around the first two years of its existence. This, combined with its fast-paced "action combat system" and flexible class roles set the game apart from much of the MMO scene. In 2015, Guild Wars 2 introduced its first raid, Spirit Vale, with the release of the Heart of Thorns expansion pack. This release also saw a significant increase in the difficulty of content and complexity in the combat system. Since then, the developers have continued to periodically release additional raids and fractals (smaller group, dungeon-like instances designed to challenge players), though at a significantly slower pace compared to games like Final Fantasy XIV or World of Warcraft. Dungeons, Fractals, and StrikesDungeons were released when the original game launched, and have not been substantially updated in the time since. They are incredibly easy and require five players. A dungeon was meant to take a group around 45 minutes to complete, but experienced players with better gear can complete a dungeon within 10 minutes. Dungeons will have numerous weaker enemies, puzzle mechanics, and an average of three strong bosses.
Fractals are a form of raid which requires five players, and they are significantly more difficult depending upon which level is chosen. The difficulty can be chosen prior to entering, and can scale from one up to 100; 100 being the most difficult, and most fractals can be completed within 15-20 minutes. Fractals consist of enemies with an average of three bosses per instance. Fractal content must be completed in sequential order, starting at fractal one and ascending to 100. As you progress to higher difficulty levels, the rewards for completion will also increase. The highest tiers of fractals are among the most challenging content in the game, and the rewards are also among the most substantial. Strikes are newer lower-tier raids that require 5-10 players to complete. Strikes have been designed either as a beginner-friendly stepping-stone into raids, or perhaps a long-term replacement for raids in general. Strikes will have a single boss to kill, and can be completed within 5-10 minutes. High-Tier FractalsFractals increase in difficulty from level one all the way up to level 100. The highest level fractals pose a challenge to most five-player groups. While fractals are more accessible than raids because they require fewer players, they are often more punishing in their design, requiring all five players to act without mistakes.
In Guild Wars 2, raids are 10-player instances focusing on challenging combat and mechanics, designed for max-level characters wearing the very best gear. Like dungeons and fractals, raids usually consist of three bosses with intervening encounters with weaker enemies and puzzle areas. Because there is a significant difficulty increase, the high-tier fractals easily fall into the tier two category outlined above. Challenge MotesChallenge motes offer the highest difficulty for MMO raiders, so they easily fall into the tier three category of raid content. Challenge motes are designed as a system for some fractals and certain raid bosses which allow players to optionally increase the difficulty of the encounter.
With a challenge mote active, a boss will have additional health, deal extra damage to players, and layer additional mechanics onto their normal form, which often completely change the way that players must approach the encounter. Challenge motes offer some additional rewards, often in the form of cosmetic items, which players can use to demonstrate they are among the most skilled in the game.  |
| How to Create an iMessage Profile on iPhone and iPad Posted: 15 Nov 2020 09:01 AM PST Just like WhatsApp, you can create an Apple iMessage profile. This feature gives you control over the name and photo that's displayed in an iMessage conversation. Here's how to create your own iMessage profile on iPhone and iPad. iPhone and iPad users running iOS 13, iPadOS 13, and higher can create their own iMessage profile. This allows you to use a photo, Memoji, Animoji, and more as a display picture. RELATED: How to Create and Use Memoji and Animoji on an iPhone You also have complete control over who can see your name and photo. You can allow only your contacts to view this information (so that spammers who got their hands on your phone number will be none the wiser), or you can also share this information on a conversation basis. To create your own customized iMessage profile, open the "Settings" app on your iPhone or iPad and then go to the "Messages" section.
Here, tap the "Share Name And Photo" option.
You'll see the iMessage profile setup screen. Select the "Choose Name And Photo" button.
You'll see a couple of options for setting up the display picture for your Apple iMessage profile. If you already have a display picture for your iCloud profile or a Memoji, you'll see those options here. To create a new display picture, tap the three-dot Menu button.
You'll see every option available for creating a profile picture. This method is similar to the process of creating a group photo for an iMessage conversation. You can choose a photo from your library, use an emoji, text, Memoji, and Animoji. To set a photo as your display picture, tap the Photos button.
Here, you can explore and search for a photo you want to use. Tap a photo to select it.
From the next screen, you can move and scale the photo so it fits perfectly in the circle. Tap the "Choose" button.
You can apply a filter on the photo if you want. Tap the "Done" button to proceed.
You'll now see the selected photo in the preview at the top of the screen. Tap the "Done" button to save the photo.
Now, select the "Continue" button.
From the pop-up message, choose the "Use" option if you want to use the photo for your Apple ID as well.
It's now time to set up your name and photo sharing options. From the top of the page, enter your first and last name.
In the "Share Automatically" section, you can choose the "Contacts Only" or "Always Ask" option. "Always Ask" requires the Messages app to ask you if you want to share your name and photo with the person you're having a conversation with. "Contacts Only" automatically shares your updated name and photo with people in your Apple contacts. Select a choice and tap the "Done" button.
And that's it, your iMessage profile is complete. If you choose the "Always Ask" option, you'll see a banner at the top of every iMessage conversation asking if you want to share your name and photo. Tap the "Share" button if you want to share your profile. Tap the "X" Close button if you want to keep your information private.
Trying to find a particular message from an iMessage conversation? Here's how to search within text messages on iPhone and iPad. RELATED: How to Search within Text Messages on iPhone or iPad  |
| How to View Notification Center on iPhone and iPad Posted: 15 Nov 2020 07:54 AM PST
Anyone with an iPhone or iPad is familiar with notifications and how overwhelming they can become. Luckily, Apple provides a single location where you can view and manage them called Notification Center. Here's how to view it. On iPhone and iPad, Notification Center is a centralized interface for reviewing notifications on your device that have been received from apps or the operating system itself. To view Notification Center while your iPhone or iPad is unlocked, swipe downward from the center of the upper edge of the screen.
Take care not to swipe downward from the upper-right edge of the screen. On iPads and modern iPhones without a home button, that gesture opens Control Center. As of iOS 14 and iPadOS 14, however, you can also swipe down from the upper-left edge of the screen. To view Notification Center on the Lock screen, swipe upward from the middle of the screen until it appears. (You can enable or disable Notification Center on the Lock screen in Settings > Touch ID & Passcode or Face ID & Passcode.) Once launched, you will see a special screen titled "Notification Center" that lists recent notifications. If an app has sent more than one notification, the notifications may be stacked together. Tap the stack to see all of the notifications expanded.
In Notification Center, you can swipe to the right on a particular notification to open it in the originating app. If you swipe quickly to the left, you can clear that notification away. Or if you want to clear all notifications at once, tap the small "X" button beside the "Notification Center" heading, then tap "Clear."
You can also turn off certain notifications from this screen by slowly swiping your finger to the left on a notification bubble and tapping "Manage" in the options that appear. RELATED: How to Quickly Turn Off Annoying Notifications on iPhone or iPad
If notifications repeatedly get on your nerves, you can disable them on a per-app basis in Settings. Visit Settings > Notifications, then tap an app you'd like to manage. There, you can select the type notifications you'd like to receive or disable them completely. Good luck!  |
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